Functional investigation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting LMP1 antigen / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: This study aimed to create a type of CAR-T cells that targets LMP1 antigen and study its immunotherapeutic effect on LMP1-positive hematological malignancies. Methods: To generate LMP1 CAR-T cells, a plasmid expressing LMP1 CAR was created using molecular cloning technology, and T cells were infected with LMP1 CAR lentivirus. The effects of LMP1 CAR-T cells on specific cytotoxicity against LMP1-positive tumor cell lines infected with the EB virus had been confirmed. Results: ① LMP1 protein expressing on EB virus-positive lymphoma cells surface was verified. ② The LMP1 CAR-expressing plasmid was created, and LMP1 CAR-T cells were obtained by infecting T cells with a lentivirus packaging system, with an infection efficiency of more than 80% . ③LMP1 CAR-T cells have a 4∶1 effect-to-target ratio in killing LMP1-positive lymphoma cells. The killing effect of LMP1 CAR-T cells on Raji cells was enhanced after 48 h of coculture, but there was no significant killing effect on Ramos, which are LMP1-negative lymphoma cells. ④After coculture with LMP1-positive lymphoma cells at a ratio of 1∶1 for 5 h, the degranulation effect was enhanced. The proportion of CD107a(+) T cells in the LMP1 CAR-T cell treatment group was significantly higher than that in the vector-T cell group [ (13.25±2.94) % vs (1.55±0.05) % , t=3.972, P=0.017]. ⑤After coculture with LMP1-positive lymphoma cells, the proportion of CD69(+) and CD25(+) T cells in the LMP1 CAR-T cell group was significantly higher than that in vector-T cell group [ (7.40±0.41) % vs (3.48±0.47) % , t=6.268, P=0.003; (73.00±4.73) % vs (57.67±2.60) % , t=2.842, P=0.047]. ⑥After coculture with LMP1-positive lymphoma cells, cytokine secretion in the LMP1 CAR-T cell group was higher than that in the vector-T cell group [interferon-gamma: (703±73) ng/L vs (422±87) ng/L, t=2.478, P=0.068; tumor necrosis factor-alpha: (215±35) ng/L vs (125±2) ng/L, t=2.536, P=0.064]. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the LMP1 protein is only found on the surface of the EBV-positive tumor cell. Simultaneously, we created an LMP1 CAR-expressing plasmid and obtained LMP1 CAR-T cells by infecting T cells with a lentivirus packaging system. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LMP1 CAR-T cells could specifically kill LMP1-positive tumor cells in vitro. The degranulation and activation effects of LMP1 CAR-T cells were enhanced after coculture with LMP1-positive tumor cells, indicating a potential clinical application.

Tumores de mediastino anterior: nuestra experiencia en el Hospital Base de Linares / Anterior Mediastinal Tumours: our experience in the Hospital Base of Linares

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los tumores de mediastino constituyen una entidad clínica poco frecuente, generalmente asintomática. Se pueden desarrollar desde estructuras que se ubican en el compartimento anterior, medio y posterior, siendo la primera, la ubicación más usual. En los adultos, timomas y linfomas (Hodgkin y no Hodgkin) son las masas más comunes del mediastino anterior, junto al bocio endotorácico y los teratomas; todas en su conjunto son conocidas como las "4 T del Mediastino Anterior". Casos clínicos: Se exponen tres casos clínicos de tumores de mediastino anterior, intervenidos en nuestro centro. Discusión: Las masas mediastínicas constituyen una entidad clínica infrecuente. La tomografía computada de tórax con y sin contraste intravenoso es utilizada para evaluar estas anormalidades descubiertas radiográficamente. El diagnóstico definitivo generalmente requiere una muestra de tejido que se obtiene mediante biopsia antes del tratamiento o como parte de una resección terapéutica planificada de toda la masa. En Chile, existen pocos trabajos recientes que muestren las características clínicas de pacientes que presentan timomas o linfomas; es por esto que se hace importante la presentación de estos casos que constituyen un aporte al conocimiento nacional.

INTRODUCTION: Mediastinal tumours constitute a clinical entity infrequent, generally asymptomatic. It can develop from structures localized on anterior compartment, middle and posterior, where structure localized on anterior compartment is usual. Adults tend to have thymomas and lymphomas more common in anterior mediastinal within intrathoracic goiter and teratomas. They are known as a "4T of anterior mediastinal mass". Clinical cases: Three clinical cases of anterior mediastinal tumours are exposed in our centre. Discussion: Mediastinal mass constitutes a clinical entity infrequent. The computed Tomography of the thorax with intravenous contrast and without intravenous contrast are used to evaluate abnormalities discover by radiography. The final diagnosis requires a fabric sample which is obtained by a biopsy before the treatment or as a part of a planned therapeutic recession. In Chile exist a few recently studies that shows clinical characteristics of patients which presents thymus and lymphomas as a result is important to present this kind of cases due to these cases constitute to the national knowledge.

Clinical practice guideline for lympoma in China (2021 Edition) / 中华肿瘤杂志

Lymphoma is one of the most common malignancies in China. In China, there were 6 829 new Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 2 807 deaths in 2020, with 92 834 new non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 54 351 deaths. Due to the complicated pathological subtypes and heterogeity, the treatment strategies for lymphoma vary largely. In recent years, with the deep understanding for the nature of lymphoma, much research progress has been achieved in the diagnosis and treatment, leading to a remarkable improvement in survival outcome of patients. In order to update the progress in the treatment of lymphoma worldwide timely, and further improve the level of standardized diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma in China, the China Anti-cancer Association Lymphoma Committee, Chinese Association for Clinical Oncologists, and Medical Oncology Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare organized experts to formulate "Clinical practice guideline for lympoma in China (2021 Edition)" .

Clinical practice guideline for multi-disciplinary treatment strategy of lymphoma in China / 中华肿瘤杂志

The pathological classification and clinical manifestations of lymphoma are complex, and there are many difficult cases. Therefore, the cooperation of different disciplines is needed in the process of diagnosis and treatment. Multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) strategy can reduce the misdiagnosis and mistreatment, shorten the waiting time, promote the standardization and individualization of treatment, and improve the treatment outcome. In order to promote the development of MDT strategy for lymphoma in China, China Anti-Cancer Association Lymphoma Committee, Chinese Association for Clinical Oncologists and Medical Oncology Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Health care co-organized the national experts committee to formulate "Clinical Practice Guideline for Multi-disciplinary Treatment Strategy of Lymphoma in China" .

Analysis of Factors Influencing Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Mobilization in Patients with Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the factors influencing the mobilization of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (auto-PBSCs) in patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma, and provide reference for optimizing the autologous stem cell mobilization regimen.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 33 multiple myeloma and lymphoma patients received auto-PBSCs mobilization in our center from January 2015 to December 2018 were collected, the correlation of mobilization failure rate with gender, age, courses of chemotherapy before mobilization, does of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), type of disease, and chemotherapy regimen were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Type of disease and course of pre-mobilization chemotherapy could affect the mobilization failure rate (P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Multi-course chemotherapy before collection and lymphoma patients are poor factors negatively impacting on auto-PBSCs mobilization.

Linfoma Cutáneo de Células B Centrofolicular / Centrofollicular B-cell cutaneous lymphoma

Resumen Los Linfomas cutáneos son proliferaciones clonales de Linfocitos T o B neoplásicos. Los linfomas cutáneos B son un grupo heterogéneo de linfomas que se presentan en la piel sin evidencia de compromiso extra cutáneo al momento del diagnóstico y corresponden entre el 20% al 25 % de los linfomas cutáneos primarios.Se presenta un paciente masculino de 71 años, con un linfoma cutáneo de células B centrofolicular localizado en dorso.

Abstract Cutaneous lymphomas are clonal proliferations of neoplastic T or B lymphocytes. Cutaneous B lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of lymphomas presented in the skin without evidence of extra cutaneous harm at the moment of diagnosis and correspond between the 20% and the 25% of primary cutaneous lymphomas. In the current research, a 71 year old masculine patient case is presented, with a cutaneous lymphoma of centrofollicular B cells located at the back.

A giant step forward: chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for lymphoma / 医学前沿

The combination of the immunotherapy (i.e., the use of monoclonal antibodies) and the conventional chemotherapy increases the long-term survival of patients with lymphoma. However, for patients with relapsed or treatment-resistant lymphoma, a novel treatment approach is urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells were introduced as a treatment for these patients. Based on recent clinical data, approximately 50% of patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma achieved complete remission after receiving the CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Moreover, clinical data revealed that some patients remained in remission for more than two years after the CAR-T cell therapy. Other than the CD19-targeted CAR-T, the novel target antigens, such as CD20, CD22, CD30, and CD37, which were greatly expressed on lymphoma cells, were studied under preclinical and clinical evaluations for use in the treatment of lymphoma. Nonetheless, the CAR-T therapy was usually associated with potentially lethal adverse effects, such as the cytokine release syndrome and the neurotoxicity. Therefore, optimizing the structure of CAR, creating new drugs, and combining CAR-T cell therapy with stem cell transplantation are potential solutions to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the toxicity in patients with lymphoma after the CAR-T cell therapy.

OncoHodgk: Aplicación interactiva para el aprendizaje del diagnóstico y tratamiento de los Linfomas / OncoHodgk: Interactive application for learning the diagnosis and treatment of Lymphomas

Introducción: Los linfomas constituyen un grupo de enfermedades malignas, caracterizadas por la proliferación neoplásica del sistema retículoendotelial. Objetivo: Elaborar una aplicación interactiva sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los linfomas para los estudiantes de 6to año de medicina de la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Bayamo. Diseño Metodológico: La aplicación se elaboró entre febrero y marzo del 2018 en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Bayamo. Diseñado con el empleo de las herramientas JClic y Gimpshop 2.8 con licencia GPL/ Linux. Para determinar su efectividad se realizaron encuestas a estudiantes y profesores del centro. El universo estuvo constituido por todos los estudiantes del 6to año de la carrera de Medicina (281 alumnos) y la muestra por los estudiantes seleccionados que realizaron las dos primeras rotaciones por la sala de Medicina Interna (40 estudiantes). El grupo control, estuvo formado por la primera rotación, mientras que el experimental correspondió a la segunda rotación, ambos seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados: Las mejores calificaciones comprendidas entre 4 y 5 puntos, correspondieron al grupo experimental con 20 estudiantes para el 100 por ciento, mientras que para el control esas calificaciones fueron obtenidas por 15 estudiantes, para un 75 por ciento. Conclusiones: Se constató la efectividad de la aplicación OncoHodgk para el aprendizaje del diagnóstico y tratamiento de los linfomas como alternativa para incrementar el nivel de conocimientos y la motivación en los estudiantes evaluados(AU)

Introduction: Lymphomas constitute a group of malignant diseases, characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of the reticuloendothelial system. Objective: To develop an interactive application about the diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas for the 6th year medical students of the Medical Sciences Branch of Bayamo. Methodological Design: The application was developed between February and March 2018 in the Medical Sciences Branch of Bayamo. It was designed with the use of JClic and Gimpshop 2.8 tools with GPL / Linux license. To determine its effectiveness, surveys were conducted to students and teachers of the center. The universe was constituted by all the students of the 6th year of the Medicine career (281 students) and the sample by the selected students who made the first two rotations through the Internal Medicine room (40 students). The control group was formed by the first rotation, while the experimental group corresponded to the second rotation, both selected by simple random sampling, in a period from February to March 2018, at the University Teaching Hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes. Results: The best grades between 4 and 5 points corresponded to the experimental group with 20 students for 100 percent, while in the control group 15 students obtained those grades for 75 percent. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the OncoHodgk application for learning about the diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas was stated(AU)

Biosimilar Filgrastim for Progenitor-Cell Mobilization prior to Autologous Transplantation: Retrospective Analysis of Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Lymphomas / Filgrastim Biossimilar para Mobilização de Células Progenitoras antes do Transplante Autólogo: Análise Retrospectiva de Pacientes com Mieloma Múltiplo e Linfomas / Filgrastim Biosimilar para la Movilización de Células Progenitoras antes del Trasplante Autólogo: Análisis Retrospectivo de Pacientes con Mieloma Múltiple y Linfomas

Introduction: Filgrastim, which plays a key role in peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) harvesting, has been available for nearly 25 years, and several filgrastim biosimilars are available. Objective: We assessed whether a biosimilar filgrastim (Filgrastine®) was associated with effective mobilization in patients undergoing PBPC collection for autologous transplantation. Method: We reviewed the charts of patients with multiple myeloma and lymphomas treated at three institutions in Brazil. The primary outcome (mobilization success rate, MSR) was the proportion of patients in the intention-to-treat (ITT) group in whom at least 2 x 106 CD34+cells/Kg were harvested by leukapheresis on days 5 and/or 6. The per-protocol (PP) group comprised patients who received at least 4 days of Filgrastine and had at least one CD34+ count on days 5 or 6. Results: The daily dose of Filgrastine (on D1, with few changes thereafter) ranged from 8.5 to 28.9 mcg/Kg in the 52 patients in the ITT group, with a median of 13.8 mcg/Kg; 51 patients received at least four doses. A mean of 2.84±1.97 x 106 CD34+cells/Kg were harvested. MSR was 53.9% (95%CI, 39.5%-67.8%) in the ITT group and 62.2% (95%CI, 46.5%-76.2%) in the 45 patients in the PP group. Mobilization was considered effective by investigators in 80.8% of patients in the ITT group and 88.9% of those in the PP group. Conclusion: Despite the study's observational design, the results suggest that Filgrastine® is associated with the expected success rates in PBPC collection for autologous transplantation.

Introdução: O filgrastim, que desempenha um papel fundamental na coleta de células progenitoras de sangue periférico (CPSP), está disponível há quase 25 anos, e existem vários biossimilares de filgrastim sendo comercializados. Objetivo: Avaliar se um filgrastim biossimilar (Filgrastine®) foi associado com mobilização efetiva em pacientes submetidos à coleta de CPSP para transplante autólogo de medula óssea. Método: Foram revisados os prontuários de pacientes com mieloma múltiplo e linfomas tratados em três instituições no Brasil. O desfecho primário (taxa de sucesso de mobilização) foi a proporção de pacientes na população intenção de tratar (ITT), em que pelo menos 2 x 106 células CD34+/kg foram coletadas por leucaférese nos dias 5 e/ou 6. A população per protocolo (PP) foi composta por pacientes que receberam pelo menos quatro dias de Filgrastine e tiveram pelo menos uma contagem de CD34+ nos dias 5 ou 6. Resultados: A dose diária de Filgrastine (no D1, com pequenas alterações subsequentes) variou de 8,5 a 28,9 mcg/Kg nos 52pacientes na população ITT, com uma mediana de 13,8 mcg/Kg; 51 pacientes receberam pelo menos quatro doses. Uma média de 2,84±1,97 x 106 células CD34+/kg foram coletadas. A taxa de sucesso de mobilização foi de 53,9% (IC 95%, 39,5% a 67,8%) na população ITT e 62,2% (IC 95%, 46,5% a 76,2%) nos 45 pacientes da população PP. A mobilização foi considerada efetiva pelos pesquisadores em 80,8% dos pacientes da população ITT e 88,9% daqueles na população PP. Conclusão: Apesar de sua natureza observacional, este estudo sugere que Filgrastine esteja associado com as taxas de sucesso esperadas na coleta de CPSP para transplante autólogo de medula óssea.

Introducción: El filgrastim, que desempeña un papel fundamental en la colecta de células progenitoras de sangre periférica (CPSP), está disponible desde hace casi 25 años y existen varios biosimilares de filgrastim siendo comercializados. Objetivo: Se evaluó si un filgrastim biosimilar (Filgrastine®) se asoció con una movilización efectiva en pacientes sometidos a la colecta de CPSP para el trasplante autólogo de médula ósea. Método: Se revisaron los prontuarios de pacientes con mieloma múltiple y linfomas tratados en tres instituciones en Brasil. El resultado primario (tasa de éxito de movilización) fue la proporción de pacientes en la población intención de tratar (ITT) en que al menos 2 x 106 células CD34+/kg fueron obtenidas por leucoféresis en los días 5 y/o 6. La población por protocolo (PP) fue compuesta por pacientes que recibieron por lo menos 4 días de Filgrastine y tuvieron al menos un recuento de CD34 + en los días 5 o 6. Resultados: La dosis diaria de Filgrastine (en el D1, con pequeños cambios subsiguientes) varió de 8, 5 a 28,9 mcg/Kg en los 52 pacientes en la población ITT, con una mediana de 13,8 mcg / Kg; 51 pacientes recibieron al menos cuatro dosis. Se obtuvo una media de 2,84±1,97 x 106 células CD34+/kg. La tasa de éxito de movilización fue del 53,9% (IC 95%, 39,5% a 67,8%) en la población ITT y el 62,2% (IC 95%, 46,5% a 76,2%), en los 45 pacientes de la población PP. La movilización fue considerada efectiva por los investigadores en el 80,8% de los pacientes de la población ITT y el 88,9% de aquellos en la población PP. Conclusión: A pesar de su naturaleza observacional, este estudio sugiere que Filgrastine está asociado con las tasas de éxito esperadas en la recolección de CPSP para trasplante autólogo de médula ósea.

Advances in the diagnosis and control of lymphomas / Avances en el diagnóstico y control de linfomas

Abstract Lymphoproliferative disorders have increased in last decades. Immunohistochemistry analysis is required to categorize them in different clinical entities, as has been stablished by WHO. Advances in imaging have set the PET-CT as a standard staging procedure in most cases. Knowledge of the biology of these malignancies has allowed therapeutic advances with different approaches, including development of monoclonal antibodies, conjugated antibodies, immunomodulatory agents, as well as inhibition of specific pathways. Although new drugs are promising, the cost-benefit impact requires to be evaluated in pharmacoeconomic clinical trials.

Resumen Los padecimientos linfoproliferativos han incrementado en las últimas décadas. Es fundamental la evaluación con inmunohistoquímica para clasificarlos en las diferentes entidades que establece la clasificación de la OMS. Los avances en técnicas de imagen han colocado al PET-CT como un procedimiento de estadificación estándar. El conocimiento de la biología de estas neoplasias ha permitido avances terapéuticos con el desarrollo de anticuerpos monoclonales solos o conjugados, como agentes inmunomoduladores, así como a través de la inhibición de vías específicas. Aun cuando los resultados con estos nuevos fármacos son promisorios, el impacto costo-beneficio requiere evaluarse en estudios prospectivos con análisis farmacoeconómico.

Linfoma primario de pulmón: serie de casos / Primary pulmonary lymphoma: a case serie

Primary Pulmonary Lymphomas (LPP) are infrequent and their clinical manifestations and images are usually non specific. Diagnostic delay may be important. The objective of this study was to analyze the LLP in our institution. Between 2003 and 2013, over 1,892 lymphomas were analyzed in our institution. Only 4 of them (0.21 percent incidence) were detected as LPP: Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (n = 2), Hodgkin's Lymphoma (n = 1), and Intravascular Pulmonary Lymphoma (n = 1). Clinical manifestations of the 4 cases presented were unspecific: 1) pulmonary mass and pleural effusion; 2) consolidation with air bronchogram and cavitations; 3) normal images and 4) pulmonary mass. Given these clinical settings, 4 diagnostic methods were used: 1) Computed Tomography-Guided Puncture, 2) Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS); 3) VATS guided by positron emission tomography (PET) and 4) thoracotomy. Hence, diagnosis was successfully made between 45 to 90 days from the initial consultation. This report confirms the low incidence of LPP, and its unspecific clinical and radiographic manifestations that may cause delay in diagnosis. PET can contribute to improve diagnostic performance, especially in patients without apparent lung involvement.

Los linfomas primarios de pulmón (LPP) son infrecuentes. Sus manifestaciones clínicas y las imágenes son inespecíficas. El retraso diagnóstico puede ser considerable. Objetivo: Analizar los LPP durante el período 2003-2013 en nuestra institución. Sobre 1892 linfomas, 4 fueron LPP (0,21 por ciento): 1) linfoma no Hodgkin (n = 2); 2) linfoma Hodgkin (n= 1); 3) linfoma intravascular pulmonar (n = 1). Las manifestaciones clínicas y radiológicas fueron inespecíficas (masa pulmonar y derrame pleural, consolidación con broncograma aéreo y cavitación o bien ausencia de lesiones). Los métodos diagnósticos fueron: 1) punción guiada bajo TAC; 2) videotoracoscopía (VATS) y 3) VATS orientada por PET (tomografia por emisión de positrones) y 4) toracotomía. El tiempo entre la consulta inicial hasta el diagnóstico fue de 45 a 90 días. Este reporte confirma la baja incidencia de LPP, y sus manifestaciones clínicas y radiologías poco específicas. Esto puede contribuir a las demoras en el diagnóstico. El PET puede mejorar el rendimiento diagnóstico, en especial en ausencia de compromiso pulmonar radiológico evidente.

A massagem na criança com câncer: eficácia de um protocolo / Massage in children with cancer: effectiveness of a protocol

OBJETIVOS: a massagem é uma intervenção que pode contribuir para o alívio da dor, embora as evidências empíricas sejam escassas e contraditórias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de um protocolo de massagem no alívio da dor na criança internada, com patologia oncológica. MÉTODOS: através de um estudo randomizado e controlado com cegamento simples, foram estudadas 52 crianças, com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 18 anos, internadas num serviço de oncologia pediátrica. A intervenção consistiu na aplicação de um protocolo de massagem de três sessões com duração entre 20 a 30 minutos em dias alternados durante uma semana. A eficácia do protocolo foi medida através da avaliação da dor com a aplicação do Inventário Resumido de Dor e a eficácia de cada sessão de massagem pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). RESULTADOS: o protocolo de massagem apenas se revelou eficaz na diminuição da interferência da dor no andar (p < 0,05), apesar de ter contribuído para o alívio da dor e sua interferência nas atividades da criança. Após cada sessão de massagem a intensidade da dor sentida pela criança diminuiu (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: apesar da reduzida dimensão da amostra, a massagem parece ser uma intervenção útil no alívio da dor da criança que sofre de patologia oncológica, embora permaneçam dúvidas quanto à eficácia deste protocolo de massagem. Todavia, os autores recomendam a sua utilização pela sua contribuição na promoção do bem-estar e qualidade de vida da criança.

OBJECTIVES: massage can help relieve pain, although empirical evidence is scarce and contradictory. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a massage protocol in relieving pain in children hospitalized with cancer. METHODS: a randomized, controlled, and single-blind trial was performed in a sample of 52 children aged between 10 and 18 years who were hospitalized in a pediatric cancer ward. The intervention consisted of the implementation of a massage protocol with three sessions of 20 to 30 minutes on alternate days over a one-week period. The effectiveness of the protocol was evaluated by assessing pain using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), while the effectiveness of each massage session was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS: the massage protocol was only effective in reducing the interference of pain in walking (p < 0.05), although it also contributed to relieve pain and its impact on the children's activities. After each massage session, the intensity of the pain experienced by the child decreased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: despite the small sample size, massage therapy appears to be a useful intervention in reducing pain in children with cancer. However, there are still questions regarding the effectiveness of this massage protocol. The authors recommend its use due to its contribution to the promotion of the child's well-being and quality of life.

Endodoncia en pacientes oncohematológicos / Endodontic therapy in oncohematological patients

Los pacientes oncohematológicos y oncológicos en general pueden recibir una atención endodóntica normal, siempre y cuando tengamos en cuenta su patología sistémica. El objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer las principales pautas que se deben considerar para realizar un tratamiento de endodoncia adecuado en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a quimioterapia y/o radioterapia.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma: what a neurologist/neurosurgeon should know? / Linfoma primário de sistema nervoso central: o que um neurologista/neurocirurgião deve saber?

Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare disease, with bad prognosis. Neurologists and neurosurgeons should be familiar with the diagnostic,and biologic features, as well as the initial management of patients. A correct approach to these patients is mandatory for a better outcome.

Linfoma primário do sistema nervoso central é uma doença rara, com prognóstico ruim. Neurologistas e neurocirurgiões devem estar familiarizados com os aspectos do diagnóstico, características biológicas e do manuseio inicial dos pacientes. A abordagem correta desses pacientes é essencial para obter melhores resultados.

Tumor blástico a células dendríticas plasmocitoides / Blastic neoplasm of plasmocytoid dendritic cells

El tumor blástico a células dendríticas plasmacitoides (TBCDP) es una malignidad hematopoyética rara, altamente agresiva, derivada de las células dendríticas plasmocitoides; se caracteriza por su alta incidencia de compromiso cutáneo, que a menudo termina en una fase leucémica de mal pronóstico. La primera manifestación de la enfermedad pueden ser placas y tumores solitarios o múltiples, de manera que la biopsia cutánea es crucial para el diagnóstico. En la histopatología se observa un infiltrado difuso, monomorfo, no epidermotrópico de células de tamaño mediano con núcleos redondos, cromatina finamente dispersa, CD4 + CD56 + CD 123 +. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 48 años con un tumor plasmocitoide de células dendríticas. Al examen dermatológico se observaron lesiones cutáneas en cara externa de la pierna izquierda y mama derecha, acompañados de adenopatías inguinales palpables. No se halló compromiso de médula ósea y el hemograma fue normal. La paciente fue tratada con metotrexato, L-asparaginasa y dexametasona con buena respuesta clínica. El trasplante alogénico fue propuesto después del tercer ciclo.

Blastic neoplasm of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (BNPDC) is a rare hematopoietic malignancy, highlyaggressive, derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and is characterized by a high incidence of cutaneousinvolvement, common leukemic dissemination and poor prognosis. Solitary or multiple skin plaques andtumors are often the first clinical manifestations of the disease; thus, cutaneous biopsies are crucial tocorrectly classify the patients. Histopathologic features are characterized by diffuse, monomorphous, nonepidermotropic infiltrates of medium-sized cells with round nuclei, finely dispersed chromatin CD4+CD56+ CD123+. We describe a 48-year-old woman who presented BNPDC. Clinically, two isolated bruiselikelesions arising on her left leg and right breast were detected, with palpable inguinal lymph nodes.Peripheral blood smear was normal, and the bone marrow was not involved. The patient was treatedwith methotrexate, L- asparaginase and dexametasone before entering in an allogenic bone marrowtransplantation program.

Linfoma testicular: incidencia, descripción epidemiológica y manejo durante el período 2005-2011 / Testicular lymphoma: incidence, epidemiologic description and management during the 2005-2011 period

El linfoma testicular es una patología infrecuente, correspondiendo al 9 por ciento de los cánceres testiculares, presentándose más frecuentemente entre los 60 a 80 años (25-50 por ciento). La presentación clínica más frecuente es el aumento de volumen unilateral e indo/oro. El tipo histológico más común es linfoma difuso de células grandes B (60-90 por ciento). La orquidectomía radical asociada a quimioterapia y radioterapia es la primera línea de tratamiento para los pacientes con enfermedad limitada. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Se revisó y filtró la lista de pacientes ingresados al SIGGES como tumor testicular entre enero 2005 a abril 2011. De los pacientes con diagnóstico histológico e inmunohistoquímico compatible, se registraron las características epidemiológicas, estudio, manejo y sobrevida. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis de la base de datos con el programa estadístico SPSS 13. 0. Resultados: De un total de 299 pacientes con el diagnóstico histológico de cáncer testicular, 8 pacientes fueron diagnosticados como linfoma testicular confirmado por histología e inmunohistoquímica. El promedio y mediana de edad fue 52 años y 63 años (18-73) respectivamente. Tres casos (37,5 por ciento) correspondieron a presentaciones secundarias. En 6 de los casos (75 por ciento) el testículo afectado fue el derecho. Histológicamente, el 63 por ciento correspondió a Linfoma difuso de células grande B. Clínicamente, el todos los casos se presentaron con aumento de volumen y con marcadores en rango normal. En 7 casos (8 7, 5 por ciento) el diagnóstico y manejo inicial fue mediante orquidectomía radical, y en un caso por biopsia testicular, con orquidectomía posterior 3 casos presentaron diseminación...

esticular lymphoma is a rare disease, happening in 9 percent of testicular cancers, most commonly between the ages 60 to 80 years (25 percent-50 percent). The most common presentation is unilateral indolent testicular growth. Histology shows a diffuse big B cell lymphoma in most of the cases (60 percent-90 percent). Radical orchiectomy, chemotherapy and radiation are the first line therapy for patients with limited disease. Materials and methods: Retrospective clinical study. We included and filtered the SIGGES list of patients admitted for Testicular Tumor from January 2005 to April 2011. Patients with a compatible diagnosis were analyzed, using SPSS 13.0® as statistical software. Result: Of a total number of 299 testicular cancer patients 8 presented with a histological and inmunnohistochemical testicular lymphoma. Mean age was 52 years and the median 63 years (18-73). ln three cases (37.5 percent) it was a secondary localization. ln 6 cases ( 75 percent) the affected testicle was the right one. 63 percent corresponded to a diffuse big cell B cell Lymphoma. All patients presented normal tumor markers. ln 7 (87,5 percent) cases the initial treatment was radical orchiectomy in one patient the diagnosis was don through a testicular biopsy, and the orchidectomy was differed. 3 cases presented dissemination. In 7 patients adjuvant chemotherapy was performed. Mortal/ty was 38 percent with a 1 7-month follow-up. Conclusion: Testicular lymphoma is a rare condition with bad prognosis. Histology is fundamental for treatment, an in this sense inmunohystochemcal analysis is especially helpful...

Fratura patológica de vértebra lombar em criança com déficit neurológico agudo: relato de caso / Pathological fracture of lumbar vertebra in children with acute neurological deficit: case report

O trabalho relata um caso de linfoma em paciente de 13 anos que veio à consulta com dor lombar. O paciente sofreu um traumatismo de baixa intensidade na região lombar que resultou em dor persistente e de caráter progressivo. Ao ser avaliado em uma emergência, foi detectada no exame radiográfico uma fratura de coluna. Nesse momento, o paciente foi encaminhado ao ambulatório de especialidade do mesmo hospital. Após exames iniciais, foi firmado o diagnóstico de fratura patológica envolvido por volumoso tecido, indicando ser uma lesão tumoral. Na sequência do atendimento, o paciente evoluiu com parestesias em membros inferiores e retenção urinária sem possuir diagnóstico patológico da lesão. O paciente foi submetido à cirurgia de emergência com estabilização e descompressão neurológica sendo enviado material da lesão para exame anatomopatológico. O resultado do exame anatomopatológico sugeriu tumor de células pequenas deixando uma dúvida após a imuno-histoquímica, definindo o diagnóstico de linfoma. O paciente foi encaminhado para tratamento oncológico. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso raro de linfoma em criança com diagnóstico inicial de fratura patológica em coluna vertebral lombar. É importante investigar fratura associada a trauma leve em crianças. A precisão diagnóstica resulta em um atendimento efetivo com resultados melhores para os pacientes. O paciente em foco submeteu-se a tratamento quimioterápico obtendo uma boa resposta com reflexos positivos no seu prognóstico.

This study reports on a case of lymphoma in a 13-year-old patient who came to a consultation with lumbar pain. The patient had suffered low-intensity trauma in the lumbar region that resulted in persistent pain of progressive nature. In an emergency evaluation, radiographic examination showed a spinal fracture. The patient was then sent to the specialist outpatient clinic of the same hospital. The initial examinations confirmed the diagnosis of a pathological fracture surrounded by a tissue mass, thus indicating the presence of a tumor. Subsequently, the patient evolved with lower-limb paresthesia and urine retention, without any pathological diagnosis for the lesion. The patient then underwent emergency surgery to achieve stabilization and neurological decompression, and material from the lesion was sent for anatomopathological examination. The result from the anatomopathological examination suggested that the lesion was a small-cell tumor, although leaving some doubt. Immunohistochemistry defined the diagnosis of lymphoma. The patient was then sent for oncological treatment. The aim of this study was to report on a rare case of lymphoma in a child with an initial diagnosis of a pathological fracture in the lumbar spine. It is important to investigate fractures associated with mild trauma in children. Precise diagnosis results in effective attendance with better results for these patients. This patient underwent chemotherapy and achieved a good response, with positive repercussions for his prognosis.

Linfomas primarios de la parótida en pacientes con infección por VIH: presentación de tres casos y revisión de la literatura / Primary lymphoma of the parotid in HIV patients: presentation of three cases and literature review

Los linfomas primarios de las glándulas salivales son neoplasias poco frecuentes. La glándula parótida es la más comúnmente afectada, en especial por linfomas no Hodgkin. Representan el 1 % del total de los linfomas y el 8.6% del total de las neoplasias de estas glándulas.